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Antron Legacy is Invista’s proprietary brand of high-performance carpet fiber made of white dyeable Type 6,6 nylon. Created from hollow bulk continuous filament (BCF), the dense molecular structure and stronger hydrogen bonds of the Type 6,6 nylon make Antron Legacy fibers more stain, soil, and heat…
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Antron Lumena DNA is Invista’s proprietary brand of high-performance carpet fiber made of solution-dyed Type 6,6 nylon. Antron Lumena DNA offers permanent built-in protection against soil and stains. The solution-dyed fiber—where pigment is added during the extrusion process—provides fade resistant color, while the fiber’s hollow cross-section…
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The ASTM D2859 Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures the ignitability of the surface of carpet in broadloom, modular, or area rug formats. This test method is referred to as…
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ASTM D5252 Operation of the Hexapod Tumble Drum Tester
The ASTM D5252 test method is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures a carpet’s surface appearance retention using the hexapod tumble drum. This test is one of several components used…
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The ASTM E648 test is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures the fire resistance of interior floor coverings that are exposed to a flaming ignition source in a graded radiant heat energy test chamber. This test simulates a scenario…
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The ASTM E662 Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials test is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures the visual density of smoke generated by a burning or smoldering material. Results obtained from this test are used…
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ASTM E84 Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
The ASTM E84 test is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures the burning properties, or fire resistance, of building materials that may be exposed to flames using the Steiner tunnel chamber…
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Beck Dyed is a method used to dye large batches of greige goods—usually in rope form—in large becks, vats, or steel tanks. Greige goods are moved in a circular motion in and out of an aqueous dyebath to help provide color uniformity. Although typically used for…
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Botanical is a motif depicting precise illustrations of plants that occasionally includes representations of flowers in bloom, leaves, or stems. As a favored subject in formal framed art, the imagery has also become a widespread design in printed textiles.
Photography Courtesy of James Dunlop Textiles…
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Braiding is a technique that interlaces a minimum of three threads or strips diagonally across to form a narrow band that can be flat or tubular. Braids are most frequently used for trimmings and can also be sewn together to form a larger surface, such as…
The California Prop 65 List is a public index of naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals that are known to cause cancer and reproductive harm. This list was established by Proposition 65—a law officially known as the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986—to inform Californians about potential exposure…
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Carved rug refers to carpets and rugs whose pile has been cut to varying levels. Using special tools, the carpets and rugs are carved—with grooves or “valleys” that are cut into the pile—to create patterns with three-dimensional effects. This technique is typically used for high-end rugs.…
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CDPH (California Department of Public Health) / CHPS (Certified in Healthcare Privacy and Security) Section 01350 is a United States standard that addresses the human health and environmental impacts of building materials used by the architecture and design community. Also known as the Standard Method for…
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Chevron is a repeating pattern of a continuous V- and inverted V-shaped lines without interruption, resulting in a zig-zag-like appearance. Composed of at least one color, this pattern is often used in the design of flooring and walls, as well as textiles.
Photography Courtesy of Walker…
Continuous dyed is a method used to dye large quantities of yarn, textiles, or carpet on a continuous production line. Unlike piece dyeing in batches, continuous dyeing involves moving the goods through the dye application, dye fixation, washing, and sometimes finishing stages without interruption.…
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Cradle to Cradle (C2C) is a product
standard administered by the Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute (C2CPII) to
incentivize environmentally and socially responsible manufacturing practices. Based
on the principles outlined in their 2002 book, Cradle to Cradle: Remaking
the Way We Make Things, authors William…
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Green Label Plus is a program created by the Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) to set standards for VOC emissions from carpets, cushions, and adhesives, and provide resources for consumers related to indoor air quality. It is a voluntary initiative that parallels testing emissions protocols used…
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Cross dyed is a method used to produce multicolor effects in yarns, textiles, or carpets made from more than one kind of fiber. The desired material can be dipped into a single dyebath and obtain varying color effects based on each fiber’s dye affinities. This method…
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Cut & loop pile is a type of carpet that is constructed of a combination of cut ends and looped yarns. The mix of cut and uncut loops—in either uniform or varying heights—allows carpets to be created with a variety of surface designs, textures, and patterns,…
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Cut pile is a type of carpet constructed of loop yarns that have been cut in half or sheared. Common cut pile styles include Saxony, with well-defined piles that stand straight up; frieze, featuring fibers that are highly twisted to enable the material to curl in…
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The Declare Label is a transparency initiative by the International Living Future Institute (ILFI) through which industrial manufacturers can opt to disclose their product ingredients. Declare Labels share a product’s key compositional and logistical information with specifiers and consumers, including its manufacturer, assembly location, life expectancy,…
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Declared refers to a declaration status indicating that a product has disclosed 100 percent of its ingredients present at or above 100ppm (0.01%), while also containing one or more Red List chemicals not listed as an existing exception. It is one of three declaration possibilities—along with…
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Digital dye injection is a method where dye is injected onto the face of carpet with a series of small jets. The dye penetrates directly into the fiber and is chemically bonded to it. This process is used to create accurate, high-definition patterns and color gradations…
A dye lot is a record attributed to all yarn or yardage in a specific dye bath. Yarns and pieces from the same dye lot are understood to have the same coloration and considered to be a match when used throughout a space. Even with consistent dye formulas between dye…
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An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a registered document that provides information about the environmental impact of a product across its life cycle. Unlike a label or certificate, an EPD is not an endorsement of a product’s environmental impact or its compliance with environmental standards. Rather,…
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The FMVSS 302 test is a standard of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) for evaluating flammability of materials as conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, a faction of the U.S. Department of Transportation). Results obtained from this test are used by…
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GSA permitted refers products approved by the United States General Service Administration (GSA) that can be sold to the government. The GSA acts as the purchasing department for the US Government and lists contracts and schedules that vendors can bid on. It also verifies potential government…
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Hand tufted refers to a method of constructing carpet in which yarn is inserted or tufted into the carpet’s primary backing using a handheld tufting gun. After the yarns have been hand tufted onto the primary backing, a secondary latex adhesive backing is applied to provide…
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A Health
Product Declaration (HPD) is a standardized report that is used to disclose the
contents of building materials, as well as their possible human health effects
and hazards. HPDs are overseen by the Health Product Declaration Collaborative
(HPDC), a non-profit organization with members from across…
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Houndstooth is a two-toned textile design consisting of a ground of broken checks, with notched corners resembling the canine teeth for which it was named. Originally popularized during the 1930s in wool-tweed jackets and suits—primarily in combinations of black and white—the pattern has since broadened to…
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Ikat is an ancient Indonesian motif that emerged from resist-dyeing techniques, in which patterns are created by binding individual yarns with a tight wrapping. The yarns are then dyed and subsequently woven into fabric. Different from tie-dye and batik, in which the resist is applied to…
The International Living Future Institute (ILFI), established in 2009 by members of the Cascadia Green Building Council, is a non-profit advocating for a socially just, culturally rich, and ecologically restorative society. As the umbrella organization tasked with managing the Living Building Challenge, the Living Product Challenge, the Living Community Challenge,…
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Knotted refers to the process of interlacing, looping, or twining one or two cords to create a useful or decorative knob. For interior textiles, knotting is used in rug making, specifically oriental rugs. Produced by hand on a specialized loom, knotted rugs involve the weaver inserting…
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Living Building Challenge (LBC) Red
List Approved
is a
status indicating that a product is in compliance with the requirements of the
LBC Challenge, but that compliance is dependent on one or more exceptions. It
is one of three declaration possibilities (Red List Free and Declared…
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Living Building Challenge (LBC) Red List Free is a status indicating that a product contains none of the harmful chemicals listed on the Red List. It is one of three declaration possibilities—Red List Approved and Declared are the other two—on the International Living Future Institute’s (ILFI)…
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Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
(LEED) is a third-party certification system and global standard for green
buildings and communities. Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC),
LEED is the world’s most widely used green building rating system. It provides
the tools for building industry…
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Loop pile is a type of carpet that is constructed of uncut loop yarns. Some variations of loop pile carpet include level loop – featuring loops of uniform height – and multi-level loop, featuring loops of varying heights that create pattern and dimensional effects.…
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Low-emitting or low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are reduced concentrations of chemical contaminants in manufactured goods that, at significant levels, can be harmful to human health and the environment. VOC emissions can be released from household products like paints, solvents, carpets, wood composites, and cleaning products,…
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Mindful MATERIALS (mM) is a free online aggregator of sustainability information for design professionals and manufacturers. It was created in 2014 by HKS, an international architecture firm, as a user-friendly platform that promotes product transparency and optimization information across the industry. The mM L3C is a…
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The mindful MATERIALS (mM) label is a physical sticker placed on product binders in resource libraries to communicate information about manufacturer transparency and optimization. Labels are designed to facilitate identification of products whose manufacturers disclose information about their impact on human health and the environment. Products…
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Non-phthalate vinyls are PVC products that do not contain phthalate plasticizers, which can be harmful to human and animal health. Phthalate has long been used to make PVC softer and more pliable, but in response to recent studies about its toxicity, American and European manufacturers of…
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Ombré refers to a chromatic effect of a color that gradually transitions from light to dark across a single ground. Translated from the French term for “shadow,” ombré is used to describe tonal variations of a single color, though some ombrés feature two or more complementary…
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Piece dyed is a method used to dye carpet and textiles after they are constructed. The process involves adding color to greige goods in an aqueous dyebath and is generally used to produce single colored materials. Goods can be piece dyed in a discontinuous, such as…
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Plaid is a fabric pattern featuring horizontal and vertical lines that intersect at 90-degree angles to form variously sized squares or checks in alternating or multiple colors. Common varieties include tartan plaid, originating in the Scottish Highlands of the 1700s; glen plaid, a twill pattern of…
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Post-consumer recycled content is material waste generated after the consumer-use phase of an item’s life cycle that is used to manufacture new products. To claim post-consumer content, manufacturers must disclose the percentage of recycled materials used, according to the item’s total weight. Use of either kind…
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Post-industrial recycled content, also known as pre-consumer recycled content, is material waste generated during mass production that is later used to manufacture new products. Unlike post-consumer recycled content, post-industrial material has been recycled before entering into contact with consumers and being sent to a landfill. In…
Quarter turn is a type of carpet and modular flooring layout in which carpet tiles are installed in rows and columns, with each tile rotated 90-degrees—or quarter-turned—from the one before it.…
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Recycled content, as opposed to virgin stock, is material that has been diverted from a landfill and subsequently used in the manufacturing of new product. Defined by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to prevent false marketing claims, recycled content can be supplied from industrial or consumer…
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SCS Global FloorScore is a certification by SCS Global that
attests to the indoor air emissions of resilient and hard surface flooring
materials, including adhesives and underlayments. Assessed by third-party
ISO-17025 testing standards, FloorScore is used to test samples for specific
chemicals of concern and to…
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Skein dyed refers to a method where yarn is loosely wound into long skeins and immersed into dyeing troughs. With the exception of olefin, this method can be used on any fibers strong enough to handle the process of winding and back-winding the skeins onto cones.…
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Solution dyed is the process of adding color to synthetic fibers in the liquid stage. Rather than adding color to the fiber after it has been created—as with dyeing natural fibers like wool that is spun and then dyed—the polymer itself is dyed all the way…
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Space dyed refers to a method of yarn dyeing that creates segments of different colors along on each strand. This results in different hues that can be related or contrasting, measure equal or unequal lengths, and often displays a rainbow-like effect. Three processes that are used to…
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Strié is a subtle striped motif of parallel bands depicted in at least two tones, which is often found in flooring, textiles, and wallcoverings.
Photography Courtesy of Koroseal Interior Products…
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Stripe refers to a pattern of bands, lines, or strips that can run in diagonal, horizontal, or vertical directions. There are many types of stripe patterns classified by thickness, size, color, spacing, and arrangement.
Photography Courtesy of Silver State Inc.…
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The Texture Appearance Retention Rating (TARR) assesses a carpet’s durability in a commercial setting. Setting up samples to be tested in environments that simulate everyday foot traffic in commercial settings, the longer a carpet remains tufted in its original shape the higher its rating will be…
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TENCEL
is the branded cellulosic fiber produced by Lenzing company. Lenzing offers three
types of fibers, TENCEL Lyocell, TENCEL Modal and TENCEL Luxe. TENCEL fibers
are manufactured fibers made from wood pulp with a solvent spun process. TENCEL
Lyocell fibers and TENCEL Modal fibers can be…
A three-dimensional material has physical attributes that exist in the X, Y, and Z plains. While specific categories of materials will define three-dimensionality differently, if there has been an additive, reductive, or transformative process done to the material, it may qualify as having three-dimensional characteristics.
Photography Courtesy of INAX…
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Tip shear pile is a type of carpet that is constructed of a multi-level loop, where the tips of the higher loop yarns are sheared while the shorter loop yarns are left uncut. The combination adds texture and dimension to a carpet’s design or pattern.…
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Triexta is the shorthand label given to polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), a thermoplastic fiber and subclass of polyester used in textiles and carpet. Triexta fibers combine the properties of both nylon and polyester, giving it resiliency and elasticity along with lightfastness, abrasion resistance, and tensile strength. It…
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Type 6 Nylon, or Nylon 6, is a synthetic thermoplastic polyamide, whose fiber form is widely used in commercial carpets. Unlike Type 6,6 Nylon, its molecular structure contains one monomer called caprolactam, which is comprised of six carbon atoms. The fiber comes in two forms—filament or…
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Type 6,6 Nylon, or Nylon 6,6, is a synthetic thermoplastic polyamide, whose fiber form is widely used in commercial carpets. Unlike Type 6 Nylon, it has a molecular structure comprised of two monomers—adipoyl chloride and hexamethylene diamine—each containing six carbon atoms.The fiber comes in two forms—filament…
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The UL 723 Surface Burning Characteristic of Building Materials test is a standard of Underwriters Laboratories (UL) that measures the burning properties, or fire resistance, of building materials that may be exposed to flames. Results obtained from this test are used by code officials in the…
The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is a nonprofit organization committed
to transforming the nation’s construction industry by promoting the values of
the green building rating system Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). Its mission is to facilitate healthier, more
socially and environmentally responsible buildings and communities that improve…
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The WELL Building Standard is a global rating
system that uses a point-based framework of best-practice policies to assess
the impact of the built environment on human health. WELL was founded by the
International WELL Building Institute (IWBI), a public benefit corporation with
a mission to…
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Woodgrain effect is a faux treatment that simulates the appearance of actual wood, from hand-painted finishes on ceramics or glass, to digitally printed graphics on flooring, wallcoverings, and surfaces.
Photography Courtesy of Atlas Concorde…
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A woven textile is created by interlacing warp and weft (fill) yarns on a loom. Warp yarns run vertically in a loom and weft yarns run horizontally. Warp yarns are thin with a high twist, making them more durable than weft yarns. They usually have a…
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Yarn dyed is a method used to add color to yarns after they are spun and before they are used in the construction of a textile or carpet. Yarns can be dyed in either package or hank form and the process involves dyestuff penetrating the core…
Ashlar is a type of carpet and modular flooring layout in which tiles are installed in the same direction but are vertically staggered by half of a tile’s length between columns.…
Brick ashlar refers to a type of carpet and modular flooring layout in which tiles are placed in the same direction but horizontally staggered by half of the width of a tile on the next row, creating a pattern that evokes the look of brick installations.…
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Distressed refers to a material that has simulated marks of age and wear or has been purposely blemished so as to give the appearance of long, steady use. It can be applied to wood, metal, textile, glass, and stone through many methods such as hammering, denting,…
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ECONYL is Aquafil’s proprietary brand of regenerated bulked continuous filament (BCF) type 6 nylon. It is produced from pre-consumer and post-consumer nylon content recovered from fishing nets, textiles, and carpet. The depolymerization and purification process used to create ECONYL yarn is a closed loop system, which…
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ColorStrand is a proprietary brand of solution-dyed type 6 nylon with pre-consumer recycled content that is manufactured by Mohawk Group. Produced for Mohawk’s line of commercial carpets, ColorStrand resists fading from light, ozone, and harsh chemicals and is several times more colorfast than traditionally dyed nylon.…
Monolithic is a type of carpet and modular flooring layout in which tiles are laid down and installed in the same direction, creating a pattern that resembles the look of broadloom.…
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Acrylic fiber is a synthetic fiber made from polyacrylonitrile that was first developed by Dupont in the 1940s and trademarked under the name Orlon. Acrylic fiber is lightweight, durable, and can be extruded in both staple and filament form through wet and dry spinning process. Acrylic…
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Duracolor is a proprietary brand of high-performance stain resistant carpet fiber made of type 6 nylon that is manufactured by Mohawk Group. Produced for Mohawk’s line of commercial carpets, Duracolor fibers are fade-resistant and colorfast with a molecular structure that makes them inherently and permanently stain-resistant.…
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EverStrand is a proprietary brand of carpet fiber made of post-consumer recycled PET polyester that is manufactured by Mohawk Group. Produced for Mohawk’s line of residential carpets, EverStrand is made from 100-percent recycled plastic bottles. The plastic bottles are recycled into PET chips and then extruded…
Heathered Hues is a proprietary high-performance color yarn system that is manufactured by Mohawk Group. Produced for Mohawk’s line of commercial carpets, Heathered Hues is made of solution-dyed tri-colored nylon yarn with a variegated surface texture that mimics the natural, heathered appearance of wool. The yarn has a low impact…
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Nylon is a synthetic thermoplastic polyamide fiber that was first developed by Dupont in 1938. It is a performance fiber that can be manufactured in both filament and staple form. There are multiple types of Nylon based on different molecular structure. With its high tensile properties,…
A sealant can be applied for purposes of protecting a substrate material from air, gas, dust, liquids, or abrasion. It can be designed to provide thermal and acoustical insulation or serve as a fire barrier. Sealants may have smoothing or gap filling properties, and may be weak or strong, flexible…
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SmartStrand is a family of proprietary high-performance stain-resistant carpet fibers made of bulk continuous filament (BCF) triexta that is manufactured by Mohawk Group. Produced for Mohawk’s line of residential carpets, SmartStrand’s family of fibers include SmartStrand Forever Clean, SmartStrand Forever Clean Silk, and SmartStrand Silk Reserve.…
A substrate refers to a base surface or underlying layer upon which another material is adhered, coated, laminated, deposited, printed, or otherwise brought into contact with.…
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Floral refers to a motif that incorporates figurative elements of flowers such as blossoms and leaves. These can be arranged in an organic or geometric manner, and the pattern can be realistic or abstracted. Broader interpretations of the term floral may include any type of botanical…
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Hawaiian refers to a motif that symbolizes cultural patterns inspired from Hawaii. These motifs usually reflect the island’s nature and include imagery of flowers, the ocean, and pineapples.…
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Polypropylene is a synthetic thermoplastic polyamide. It is a performance fiber that can be manufactured in filament yarn with different structures and can be used as a breathable fiber or for heat retaining. Polypropylene is hydrophobic and lipophilic, which means it can only be solution dyed…
IIC, or Impact Insulation Class, is an acoustical rating that measures the sound insulation and transmission of impact noise, such as vibrations or footsteps, on a floor-ceiling assembly. The IIC rating of a floor product is expressed using whole numbers and is based on the entire assembly on which it…
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The ISO 10361 Vettermann Drum Test is a standard of the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) that determines the surface appearance retention of textile floor coverings using the hexapod tumbler. This test is one of several components used when assessing the potential performance of carpet products…
NRC or Noise Reduction Coefficient is an acoustical rating that takes the average measurement of a material’s ability to absorb sound. It is measured on a scale from zero—indicating that no sound is absorbed and is considered reflective—to one, which indicates all sound is absorbed and is considered absorptive. Measurements…
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Olefin is a category of performance fiber made from polyolefin. It is one of the most popular synthetic fiber families that includes polypropylene and polyethylene. Olefin can be manufactured in filament yarns with different structures, which can be used as a breathable fiber or for heat…
Pile height, also known as pile thickness or tuft height, measures the length of the yarns of a carpet from the top of the primary backing to the tips of the surface yarns. Pile height should not be confused with total thickness, which is a measurement of both the pile…
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Broadloom refers to carpets available in standard wide widths greater than six feet. Broadloom carpet is sold as a roll and is meant for wall-to-wall installation but can be cut down and edge finished by some manufacturers to create area rugs.
Photography Courtesy of Mohawk Group…
Pile weight, also known as face weight or average pile yarn weight, is a measurement of the carpet’s pile per square yard. It is calculated in ounces and only measures the weight of the pile yarns and does not include the carpet’s backing. Pile weight should not be confused with…
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Polyester is a category of synthetic petroleum-based fiber. It is one of the most popular synthetic fiber families that is often referred to as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyester can be manufactured as staple fibers, filament yarns, and mono filament yarns. Polyester is hydrophobic and can only…
Gauge refers to the number of surface pile yarns in one inch measured along the width of a tufted carpet. It is determined by the spacing and number of needles per inch on the tufting machine and is expressed as a fraction. A carpet with 1/8 gauge means that there…
Stitches per inch (SPI), or tufts per inch, refers to the number of yarn tufts in one inch that run along the length of a tufted carpet. In woven carpet, this is referred to as rows per inch (RPI).…
Surface pile density, or average pile yarn density, is a measurement of how densely packed the surface pile yarns are in a cubic yard of carpet. Expressed in ounces per cubic yard, the weight of the pile yarn is calculated using the following formula: pile weight multiplied by 36 and…
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A dotted motif refers to a type of geometric pattern consisting of round, solid, and filled-in spots. The pattern can be random or repeated.
Photography Courtesy of Designtex…
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Fiberglass is a filament fiber produced with glass. The glass is melted and extruded through fine holes. Fiberglass is lightweight and is often combined with other resins or plastics to increase its strength. It is also resistant to chemicals, light, and heat. Fiberglass is often used…
Harlequin refers to a geometric pattern of contrasting diamonds or elongated squares. The shapes are typically presented in a variety of different, bright colors.…
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3M Scotchguard is an applied stain and water repellent spray that cleans, protects, and polishes a wide variety of furniture and materials. These include carpets, fabrics such as drapery and upholstery, leathers such as nubuck and suede, granite and marble for kitchen surfaces, and vinyl for…
A declaration is a report that provides quantified,
transparent information about a product’s environmental performance and
material ingredients. It can be used by building industry professionals to
facilitate comparison with similar products and to help manufacturers qualify
for transparency credits in green building rating systems. Declarations can be
published as…
