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Antron Legacy is Invista’s proprietary brand of high-performance carpet fiber made of white dyeable Type 6,6 nylon. Created from hollow bulk continuous filament (BCF), the dense molecular structure and stronger hydrogen bonds of the Type 6,6 nylon make Antron Legacy fibers more stain, soil, and heat…
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Antron Lumena DNA is Invista’s proprietary brand of high-performance carpet fiber made of solution-dyed Type 6,6 nylon. Antron Lumena DNA offers permanent built-in protection against soil and stains. The solution-dyed fiber—where pigment is added during the extrusion process—provides fade resistant color, while the fiber’s hollow cross-section…
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The ASTM D2859 Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures the ignitability of the surface of carpet in broadloom, modular, or area rug formats. This test method is referred to as…
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ASTM D5252 Operation of the Hexapod Tumble Drum Tester
The ASTM D5252 test method is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures a carpet’s surface appearance retention using the hexapod tumble drum. This test is one of several components used…
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The ASTM E648 test is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures the fire resistance of interior floor coverings that are exposed to a flaming ignition source in a graded radiant heat energy test chamber. This test simulates a scenario…
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The ASTM E662 Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials test is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures the visual density of smoke generated by a burning or smoldering material. Results obtained from this test are used…
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ASTM E84 Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
The ASTM E84 test is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures the burning properties, or fire resistance, of building materials that may be exposed to flames using the Steiner tunnel chamber…
Bear scratches are abnormalities formed from indented growth rings on the tangential face of wood, which look like a scratch from a bear’s claw—hence the name. They are commonly found in Sitka spruce.…
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Beck Dyed is a method used to dye large batches of greige goods—usually in rope form—in large becks, vats, or steel tanks. Greige goods are moved in a circular motion in and out of an aqueous dyebath to help provide color uniformity. Although typically used for…
A bee’s wing is a type of wood figuring that typically appears in Indian satinwood, narra, mahogany, and eucalyptus. The small-scale, tight form resembles the wing of a bee, hence the name.…
A bevel edge is a straight planer cut added to the edges of a surface. According to the National Wood Flooring Association (NWFA), this cut should be at or around a 45-degree angle and greater than a .045-inches in depth. It can be created on different flooring and surface materials…
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A bird’s eye is a type of wood figuring with a distinct swirling pattern in the grain that leads to the formation of small circular figures—or eyes—on the tangential face. Bird’s eyes are most often found in hard maple, as the logs are typically rotary cut…
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Botanical is a motif depicting precise illustrations of plants that occasionally includes representations of flowers in bloom, leaves, or stems. As a favored subject in formal framed art, the imagery has also become a widespread design in printed textiles.
Photography Courtesy of James Dunlop Textiles…
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Braiding is a technique that interlaces a minimum of three threads or strips diagonally across to form a narrow band that can be flat or tubular. Braids are most frequently used for trimmings and can also be sewn together to form a larger surface, such as…
Broken fiddleback is a type of wood figuring that is similar to a fiddleback wood figure except it does not cross the whole leaf of the board, giving it a broken effect.…
A burl is a tree growth in which the grain has grown in a deformed, goiter-like manner. It can be found on all parts of the tree, including the trunk, base, or a branch filled with knots. Caused when a tree has undergone a form stress, such as injury, insect…
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California Air Resources Board (CARB) is a committee within California’s Environmental Protection Agency whose role is to protect the public from exposure to air pollution. This includes setting statewide emission standards for pollution sources ranging from auto emissions to consumer products. Formaldehyde, a toxic air contaminant…
The California Prop 65 List is a public index of naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals that are known to cause cancer and reproductive harm. This list was established by Proposition 65—a law officially known as the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986—to inform Californians about potential exposure…
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Carved rug refers to carpets and rugs whose pile has been cut to varying levels. Using special tools, the carpets and rugs are carved—with grooves or “valleys” that are cut into the pile—to create patterns with three-dimensional effects. This technique is typically used for high-end rugs.…
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CDPH (California Department of Public Health) / CHPS (Certified in Healthcare Privacy and Security) Section 01350 is a United States standard that addresses the human health and environmental impacts of building materials used by the architecture and design community. Also known as the Standard Method for…
Chain-of-Custody (CoC) is the process of following materials through each step of the supply chain in order to verify appropriate management, quality control, and safety. Along the supply chain, materials go through various stages of production, processing, shipping, and retail. CoC systems are made up of a series of procedures,…
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Chevron is a repeating pattern of a continuous V- and inverted V-shaped lines without interruption, resulting in a zig-zag-like appearance. Composed of at least one color, this pattern is often used in the design of flooring and walls, as well as textiles.
Photography Courtesy of Walker…
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Concrete effect refers to faux treatments used on materials—such as paint or surfacing—to generate the appearance of actual concrete in color and texture.
Photography Courtesy of Adore Floors…
Continuous dyed is a method used to dye large quantities of yarn, textiles, or carpet on a continuous production line. Unlike piece dyeing in batches, continuous dyeing involves moving the goods through the dye application, dye fixation, washing, and sometimes finishing stages without interruption.…
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Cradle to Cradle (C2C) is a product
standard administered by the Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute (C2CPII) to
incentivize environmentally and socially responsible manufacturing practices. Based
on the principles outlined in their 2002 book, Cradle to Cradle: Remaking
the Way We Make Things, authors William…
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Green Label Plus is a program created by the Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) to set standards for VOC emissions from carpets, cushions, and adhesives, and provide resources for consumers related to indoor air quality. It is a voluntary initiative that parallels testing emissions protocols used…
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Cross dyed is a method used to produce multicolor effects in yarns, textiles, or carpets made from more than one kind of fiber. The desired material can be dipped into a single dyebath and obtain varying color effects based on each fiber’s dye affinities. This method…
Curly wood figuring refers to a primarily horizontal pattern that runs perpendicular to the wood grain. This creates a three-dimensional effect that gives the wood a wavy surface when light reflects off of it, as if there are curls or ripples in the grain. It is commonly found in maple…
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Cut & loop pile is a type of carpet that is constructed of a combination of cut ends and looped yarns. The mix of cut and uncut loops—in either uniform or varying heights—allows carpets to be created with a variety of surface designs, textures, and patterns,…
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Cut pile is a type of carpet constructed of loop yarns that have been cut in half or sheared. Common cut pile styles include Saxony, with well-defined piles that stand straight up; frieze, featuring fibers that are highly twisted to enable the material to curl in…
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The Declare Label is a transparency initiative by the International Living Future Institute (ILFI) through which industrial manufacturers can opt to disclose their product ingredients. Declare Labels share a product’s key compositional and logistical information with specifiers and consumers, including its manufacturer, assembly location, life expectancy,…
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Declared refers to a declaration status indicating that a product has disclosed 100 percent of its ingredients present at or above 100ppm (0.01%), while also containing one or more Red List chemicals not listed as an existing exception. It is one of three declaration possibilities—along with…
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Digital dye injection is a method where dye is injected onto the face of carpet with a series of small jets. The dye penetrates directly into the fiber and is chemically bonded to it. This process is used to create accurate, high-definition patterns and color gradations…
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Digital print refers to a process of directly printing onto a substrate from a digital resource. The process deposits ink droplets of various colors in a continuous jet or pulse that combine to create the desired colors for a given design. With advancements in ink compositions…
A dye lot is a record attributed to all yarn or yardage in a specific dye bath. Yarns and pieces from the same dye lot are understood to have the same coloration and considered to be a match when used throughout a space. Even with consistent dye formulas between dye…
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Embossed refers to a fabrication process of applying a raised dimensional design to a material. The process requires both male and female dies to create an offset surface, as opposed to debossing, which involves pressing into the material and only requires one die. Embossing uses both…
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End grain refers to the grain of wood that is exposed when timber is cut across the growth rings at a 90-degree angle, as opposed to a plank of wood that has been cut along the length of the trunk. End grain exposes the character of…
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Engineered hardwood flooring is constructed from real wood slats that are adhered together in layers at opposing directions to form a plank. The cross-grain configuration minimizes expansion and shrinking, allowing for a tighter fit while installing and less movement after installation is complete. The two main…
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An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a registered document that provides information about the environmental impact of a product across its life cycle. Unlike a label or certificate, an EPD is not an endorsement of a product’s environmental impact or its compliance with environmental standards. Rather,…
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Fiddleback wood figuring is a specific variation of a curly wood figure, where the curls are very tight and uniform. Its close grains and lines appear to swerve or ripple in varying patterns. It is commonly found in maple, sycamore, and walnut trees.
Photography Courtesy of…
Figured refers to the surface effect and markings found on timber that give it a unique appearance. It can vary depending on many factors, including the wood’s grain, color, and the way it was cut. Types of figured effects include curly, fiddleback, and bird’s eye.
Photography Courtesy of Wolf-Gordon…
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The FMVSS 302 test is a standard of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) for evaluating flammability of materials as conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, a faction of the U.S. Department of Transportation). Results obtained from this test are used by…
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The
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is a German-based, international non-profit
organization and certification framework working to promote responsible forest
management. The FSC uses independent, third-party accredited certifiers to
appraise operations and determine whether they comply to institutional
standards. Two certification tracks are available: Forest Management
Certification…
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The GREENGUARD Certification Program—previously known as the GREENGUARD Indoor Air Quality Certification—recognizes products and processes that meet standards for safe levels of chemical and particle emissions in indoor spaces. GREENGUARD is a third-party assessment program created by Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Environment to support manufacturers in producing…
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GREENGUARD is a third-party assessment program created by Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Environment to support manufacturers in producing safe products designed for indoor spaces, in accordance with strict VOC emissions standards. GREENGUARD Gold is even more rigorous, permitting no more than 1/100 of currently published ACGIH Threshold…
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GSA permitted refers products approved by the United States General Service Administration (GSA) that can be sold to the government. The GSA acts as the purchasing department for the US Government and lists contracts and schedules that vendors can bid on. It also verifies potential government…
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Hand tufted refers to a method of constructing carpet in which yarn is inserted or tufted into the carpet’s primary backing using a handheld tufting gun. After the yarns have been hand tufted onto the primary backing, a secondary latex adhesive backing is applied to provide…
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A Health
Product Declaration (HPD) is a standardized report that is used to disclose the
contents of building materials, as well as their possible human health effects
and hazards. HPDs are overseen by the Health Product Declaration Collaborative
(HPDC), a non-profit organization with members from across…
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Heartwood refers to the wood that is at the core or center of a tree. It was formerly sapwood that died as the result of a chemical transformation that occurred when the tree strengthened to resist decay. In some tree species, the heartwood darkens making it…
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Heterogeneous is used to describe a type of flooring construction, often in the context of vinyl flooring, that is comprised of more than one layer of material. Unlike homogeneous flooring, the wear layer and printed layer in vinyl heterogeneous flooring allows it to be manufactured in…
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Homogeneous is used to describe a type of flooring construction that is comprised of a single layer of material. Unlike heterogeneous flooring, homogeneous flooring is one solid material that usually features color or pattern that has been uniformly dispersed throughout the product, otherwise known as through-body…
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Houndstooth is a two-toned textile design consisting of a ground of broken checks, with notched corners resembling the canine teeth for which it was named. Originally popularized during the 1930s in wool-tweed jackets and suits—primarily in combinations of black and white—the pattern has since broadened to…
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Ikat is an ancient Indonesian motif that emerged from resist-dyeing techniques, in which patterns are created by binding individual yarns with a tight wrapping. The yarns are then dyed and subsequently woven into fabric. Different from tie-dye and batik, in which the resist is applied to…
The International Living Future Institute (ILFI), established in 2009 by members of the Cascadia Green Building Council, is a non-profit advocating for a socially just, culturally rich, and ecologically restorative society. As the umbrella organization tasked with managing the Living Building Challenge, the Living Product Challenge, the Living Community Challenge,…
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Knotted refers to the process of interlacing, looping, or twining one or two cords to create a useful or decorative knob. For interior textiles, knotting is used in rug making, specifically oriental rugs. Produced by hand on a specialized loom, knotted rugs involve the weaver inserting…
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Living Building Challenge (LBC) Red
List Approved
is a
status indicating that a product is in compliance with the requirements of the
LBC Challenge, but that compliance is dependent on one or more exceptions. It
is one of three declaration possibilities (Red List Free and Declared…
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Living Building Challenge (LBC) Red List Free is a status indicating that a product contains none of the harmful chemicals listed on the Red List. It is one of three declaration possibilities—Red List Approved and Declared are the other two—on the International Living Future Institute’s (ILFI)…
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Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
(LEED) is a third-party certification system and global standard for green
buildings and communities. Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC),
LEED is the world’s most widely used green building rating system. It provides
the tools for building industry…
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Loop pile is a type of carpet that is constructed of uncut loop yarns. Some variations of loop pile carpet include level loop – featuring loops of uniform height – and multi-level loop, featuring loops of varying heights that create pattern and dimensional effects.…
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Low-emitting or low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are reduced concentrations of chemical contaminants in manufactured goods that, at significant levels, can be harmful to human health and the environment. VOC emissions can be released from household products like paints, solvents, carpets, wood composites, and cleaning products,…
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Luxury Vinyl Tile, or LVT, is a heterogeneous resilient flooring material comprised of multiple layers—most often an embossed or smooth wear layer coated with a protective finish, a printed film layer that can mimic the aesthetic of other materials, a vinyl or rigid core that provides…
Marquetry is the process of configuring elaborately inlaid patterns for use as decorative cladding on furniture and decorative objects. Thin sheets of wood veneer, shell, glass, or other materials are cut into small pieces and affixed to a wood surface in a predetermined pattern—oftentimes complex geometric designs or graphic depictions…
A micro bevel edge is similar to a bevel edge—a straight planer cut added to the edges of a surface—but falls within a tolerance measuring between .025-inches and .045-inches, as set forth by the National Wood Flooring Association (NWFA). A micro bevel edge offers ease of cleaning and maintenance and…
Microban is a proprietary antimicrobial and odor control agent developed by the company Microban International. Microban inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria, mold, and mildew throughout the entire lifecycle of a product by damaging or disrupting the internal systems of a microbe. It can be custom formulated to fit…
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Mindful MATERIALS (mM) is a free online aggregator of sustainability information for design professionals and manufacturers. It was created in 2014 by HKS, an international architecture firm, as a user-friendly platform that promotes product transparency and optimization information across the industry. The mM L3C is a…
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The mindful MATERIALS (mM) label is a physical sticker placed on product binders in resource libraries to communicate information about manufacturer transparency and optimization. Labels are designed to facilitate identification of products whose manufacturers disclose information about their impact on human health and the environment. Products…
Mottled refers to a wrinkled, blotchy wood figure that is produced when a wavy grain in the wood combines with a spiral. It is similar to a curly wood figure, but the curl lines are more broken up.…
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Non-phthalate vinyls are PVC products that do not contain phthalate plasticizers, which can be harmful to human and animal health. Phthalate has long been used to make PVC softer and more pliable, but in response to recent studies about its toxicity, American and European manufacturers of…
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Ombré refers to a chromatic effect of a color that gradually transitions from light to dark across a single ground. Translated from the French term for “shadow,” ombré is used to describe tonal variations of a single color, though some ombrés feature two or more complementary…
Parquetry refers to the process of installing mosaic flooring by fitting small pieces of hardwood together—usually blocks or strips measuring up to ¾-inch in thickness—to form inlaid or overlaid patterns, which are typically geometric and frequently incorporate a variety of species or finishes. Originally inspired by marquetry—the process of configuring elaborately…
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Piece dyed is a method used to dye carpet and textiles after they are constructed. The process involves adding color to greige goods in an aqueous dyebath and is generally used to produce single colored materials. Goods can be piece dyed in a discontinuous, such as…
The pith is the center of the tree that is typically recognized by a change in wood-grain color, which darkens with age. Pith is considered to be an unstable part of the wood that has a greater tendency to crack.…
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Plaid is a fabric pattern featuring horizontal and vertical lines that intersect at 90-degree angles to form variously sized squares or checks in alternating or multiple colors. Common varieties include tartan plaid, originating in the Scottish Highlands of the 1700s; glen plaid, a twill pattern of…
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Plain sawn, also referred to as “flat sawn,” is the most common cut of lumber found and the most cost-effective way to mill a log. The technique consists of cutting parallel through the log, yielding wider planks with minimal waste. The annular rings on plain sawn…
Pommele is a blister-like wood figure that resembles the look of light rain on a puddle. It is comprised of a dense pattern of irregular shaped rings that envelop one another. This figuring is found commonly in the sapele species.…
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Post-consumer recycled content is material waste generated after the consumer-use phase of an item’s life cycle that is used to manufacture new products. To claim post-consumer content, manufacturers must disclose the percentage of recycled materials used, according to the item’s total weight. Use of either kind…
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Post-industrial recycled content, also known as pre-consumer recycled content, is material waste generated during mass production that is later used to manufacture new products. Unlike post-consumer recycled content, post-industrial material has been recycled before entering into contact with consumers and being sent to a landfill. In…
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Quarter sawn, or quarter sawing, refers to a type of cutting technique used when rip-sawing lumber. The lumber is cut at an angle so that the annular growth rings intersect the face of the board. The angle’s exact number varies between 45 and 90 degrees. When…
Quarter turn is a type of carpet and modular flooring layout in which carpet tiles are installed in rows and columns, with each tile rotated 90-degrees—or quarter-turned—from the one before it.…
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The Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) is a European Union law instated in 2007 to regulate harmful chemicals across all industries. It aims to protect human health and the environment from risks caused by exposure to chemicals. Managed by the European Chemicals Agency…
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Reclaimed wood is structurally sound wood that has been salvaged from a building project and reused to extend its lifespan. When buildings are decommissioned, abandoned, or slated for demolition, intact components can be recovered through a dismantling process to be used in new construction or remodeling.…
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Recycled content, as opposed to virgin stock, is material that has been diverted from a landfill and subsequently used in the manufacturing of new product. Defined by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to prevent false marketing claims, recycled content can be supplied from industrial or consumer…
A ribbon curl is a figure that gives the appearance of a slightly twisted ribbon. It is typically found in quarter-cut veneers, which interlace with one another and reflect differently in the light, giving them a shimmering, ribbon-like figure. A ribbon curl is commonly found in mahogany or other woods…
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Rift sawn refers to a lumber cutting technique with the goal of producing more stable lumber that yields less distortion and figuring. Rift sawn lumber is typically narrow with a very straight grain pattern on the face of the board. The annular rings of a rift…
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Rotary sawn refers to a cutting technique in which an entire log is shaved or peeled on a rotary, resulting in a continuous ribbon of wood. This is the only process that is capable of producing full sheets of veneer. Rotary sawn lumber features a broad…
A running bond is a bond in which each unit is staggered a ½ unit further than the adjacent course, resulting in a one-over-two pattern. It is considered to be the most common type of bond pattern used in construction and can be applied to any hard surface that consists…
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Sapwood is the younger, living wood of the tree that grows around the outside of the older, dead center. Sapwood can be distinguished by its lighter color in comparison to the wood that it surrounds, which will become more prominent over time as it is exposed…
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SCS Global FloorScore is a certification by SCS Global that
attests to the indoor air emissions of resilient and hard surface flooring
materials, including adhesives and underlayments. Assessed by third-party
ISO-17025 testing standards, FloorScore is used to test samples for specific
chemicals of concern and to…
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SCS Indoor Advantage is a certification program developed by SCS Global Services that appraises the VOC emissions of furniture and interior building materials. SCS offers two certifications: Indoor Advantage, for furniture; and Indoor Advantage Gold, for furniture and building materials—including coatings, paints, sealants, adhesives, wallcoverings, floor…
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Ships carbon neutral is an indicator
that activities associated with a product’s transportation release a net zero
amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. There are two main
strategies for achieving carbon neutrality in shipping: offsetting greenhouse
gas emissions and using alternative fuel sources. The…
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Skein dyed refers to a method where yarn is loosely wound into long skeins and immersed into dyeing troughs. With the exception of olefin, this method can be used on any fibers strong enough to handle the process of winding and back-winding the skeins onto cones.…
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Solution dyed is the process of adding color to synthetic fibers in the liquid stage. Rather than adding color to the fiber after it has been created—as with dyeing natural fibers like wool that is spun and then dyed—the polymer itself is dyed all the way…
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Space dyed refers to a method of yarn dyeing that creates segments of different colors along on each strand. This results in different hues that can be related or contrasting, measure equal or unequal lengths, and often displays a rainbow-like effect. Three processes that are used to…
Stack bond, or stacked bond, refers to a pattern in which bricks or tiles are stacked on top of one another, resulting in continuous horizontal edge joints and the vertical head joints. A stack bond pattern is typically used in non-load bearing situations. It is typically reinforced or supported with…
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Stone effect is a faux treatment in materials such as paint or surfacing that simulates the appearance of actual stone in color as well as texture.
Photography Courtesy of Formica…
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Strié is a subtle striped motif of parallel bands depicted in at least two tones, which is often found in flooring, textiles, and wallcoverings.
Photography Courtesy of Koroseal Interior Products…
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Stripe refers to a pattern of bands, lines, or strips that can run in diagonal, horizontal, or vertical directions. There are many types of stripe patterns classified by thickness, size, color, spacing, and arrangement.
Photography Courtesy of Silver State Inc.…
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The
Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) is a non-profit organization committed to
advancing sustainable forest management. SFI’s standards and product labels aid
consumers in making responsible decisions and promote market visibility of
certified forest products, such as wood, paper, and packaging items. SFI has
developed a set…
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The Texture Appearance Retention Rating (TARR) assesses a carpet’s durability in a commercial setting. Setting up samples to be tested in environments that simulate everyday foot traffic in commercial settings, the longer a carpet remains tufted in its original shape the higher its rating will be…
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TENCEL
is the branded cellulosic fiber produced by Lenzing company. Lenzing offers three
types of fibers, TENCEL Lyocell, TENCEL Modal and TENCEL Luxe. TENCEL fibers
are manufactured fibers made from wood pulp with a solvent spun process. TENCEL
Lyocell fibers and TENCEL Modal fibers can be…
