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Alta is a water-based finish developed by Applied Textile that can be engineered according to application and environments. It is used to resist water-based and oil-based stains from penetrating into the product. With precision-engineering, Alta can be used on a wide range of residential or commercial…
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Animal print is a motif that depicts the fur or skin of an animal. First prevalent in 1940s fashion as an inexpensive substitute for actual pelts, the treatment was ultimately embraced by interior designers, primarily for use in fabric but also embossed leather, flooring, surfaces, and…
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Argyle is a geometric, crisscross pattern of both intercrossing diagonal lines and repeating solid diamonds. Usually the pattern is composed of outlines that overlap varicolored diamonds, with the corners of the outlines meeting at the center of solid diamonds. Adapted from the tartan plaids of 17th-century…
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ASTM D3389 Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary Platform Abrader)
The ASTM D3389 test is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures a coated fabric’s ability to withstand abrasion using the rotary platform abrader method. Abrasion resistance testing is one of…
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The ASTM D3884 test is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures a coated fabric’s ability to withstand abrasion using the rotary platform method with two abraders. Abrasion resistance testing is one of several components used when assessing the durability…
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The ASTM D4060 test is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures the abrasion resistance of coatings applied to a rigid surface, such as paints, varnishes, stains, and other coatings.
The scope of testing involves mounting a test specimen flatly…
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ASTM D4157 Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
The ASTM D4157 test method is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures a textile’s ability to withstand abrasion using the oscillatory cylinder method. Named after the inventor of the…
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The ASTM D4966 test method is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures a textile’s ability to withstand abrasion using the Martindale method. Named after the inventor of the testing machine, this test method is often referred to as the…
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ASTM E84 Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
The ASTM E84 test is a standard of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) that measures the burning properties, or fire resistance, of building materials that may be exposed to flames using the Steiner tunnel chamber…
Balance Barrier is a proprietary treatment developed by TSG Finishing. There are multiple finishing options including abrasion enhancers, water and stain repellents, flame retardants, and moisture barrier backings. Balance Barrier is usually applied with GreenShield technology, which prevents liquids or stains from penetrating the fabric, resists bacteria, and increases flammability…
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Batik is an ancient motif that emerged from resist-dyeing, a method in which patterns are created by manipulating fabric to block dye from penetrating the entire cloth. Wax is melted and applied to the fabric’s surface and the cloth is placed into a dye bath. Once…
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The term beaded refers to the process of stringing beads on a thread or wire, or of sewing them to a cloth. Beads can be made of various materials and are available in different sizes and shapes. Beadwork techniques can be combined with weaving, embroidery, crochet,…
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Bella-Dura is a performance fabric made with a proprietary solution dyed polyolefin fiber, which resists abrasion, light, stain, microbes, and mildew. Bella-Dura fabric can be used on a wide range of residential or commercial environments including outdoor, hospitality, healthcare, and marine. Bella-Dura fabric can be safely…
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Blackout drapery refers to a type of window treatment that is made from an opaque fabric used to eliminate light in a room. These treatments can come in the form of curtains, shades, or blinds, and are designed to be tightly fitted to a window casing—ensuring…
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Block print is a motif that emerges from manually stamping a fabric by applying dye to a block—typically wood or linoleum—that has been carved into a print. The dye-coated side of the block is then pressed onto the surface of a fabric, in a process that…
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Botanical is a motif depicting precise illustrations of plants that occasionally includes representations of flowers in bloom, leaves, or stems. As a favored subject in formal framed art, the imagery has also become a widespread design in printed textiles.
Photography Courtesy of James Dunlop Textiles…
Bouclé is a type of novelty yarn with various sized loops that add texture and a curly, knotted finish to the end product. Named for the the French meaning of ‘to curl,’ Bouclé is composed of two or more yarns, with one of the yarns twisted tight to stabilize for…
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Brocade is an elaborately decorated fabric—usually satin or twill weave—with a raised pattern that consists of multicolor or metallic yarns, which are jacquard-woven on the surface of the textile. Taken from the Italian word for “embossed cloth,” brocades date back to ancient China and Byzantium and…
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California Technical Bulletin 117-2013
The California Technical Bulletin 117-2013 is a California fire safety law that measures the smolder resistance of cover fabrics, barrier materials, filling materials, and decking materials used in upholstered furniture when exposed to a lighted cigarette. There are four sections of test…
The California Prop 65 List is a public index of naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals that are known to cause cancer and reproductive harm. This list was established by Proposition 65—a law officially known as the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986—to inform Californians about potential exposure…
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The CAN/ULC-S102 Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assemblies test is the Canadian standard for the relative surface burning characteristics of interior finish materials, products, and assemblies used in building construction. Results obtained from this test are used by code officials in the acceptance of…
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The CAN/ULC-S109 Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films test is the Canadian standard for measuring burning characteristics of fabrics and films that are flame-resistant either inherently or with the addition of a chemical treatment. Results obtained from this test are used by code officials in the acceptance of…
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CDPH (California Department of Public Health) / CHPS (Certified in Healthcare Privacy and Security) Section 01350 is a United States standard that addresses the human health and environmental impacts of building materials used by the architecture and design community. Also known as the Standard Method for…
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Celliant is a patented technology that utilizes a blend of 13 thermo-active minerals—including titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide—and proprietary ingredients that can be embedded into the core of a yarn. According to Celliant’s website, the embedded minerals convert the body’s natural energy into infrared…
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Check is a type of plaid pattern consisting of overlapping equal horizontal and vertical lines. These lines come in at least two colors that cross each other to form equal squares.…
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Chevron is a repeating pattern of a continuous V- and inverted V-shaped lines without interruption, resulting in a zig-zag-like appearance. Composed of at least one color, this pattern is often used in the design of flooring and walls, as well as textiles.
Photography Courtesy of Walker…
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Clean Vinyl Technology wallcovering is a phthalate-free and low VOCs vinyl wallcovering developed by Len-Tex and O’Sullivan Films. Clean Vinyl Technology wallcovering eliminates health concerns associated with traditional vinyl while maintaining cleanability and durability. Micro-venting and antimicrobial agents can be added.
Performance:
Passes ASTM E84 Fire…
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Coated fabrics are created by bonding a coated layer to a textile substrate. The coated layer comes in either a liquid or film form and it can be applied to woven, knit, or non-woven substrates. Depending on the desired fabric properties such as durability, impermeability, resistance,…
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Collage refers to a motif that emerged from a technique of assembling different forms of the same or varying types of materials such as fabric, paint, paper, and wood to create a new design on a supporting surface, which is held together with glue or another…
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The Association for Contract Textiles (ACT) is a non-profit trade association that sets up industrial standards related to contract fabrics. Their guidelines specify the testing that is necessary for a textile to be certified depending on its construction and intended use. The lightfastness test is examined…
COM refers to “customer own material,” which is a textile style selected by the specifier that is not part of the standard offering of a furniture manufacturer. If a COM is chosen, the specifier either has to purchase the textile from the textile provider and ship it to the manufacturer for application, or the…
Continuous dyed is a method used to dye large quantities of yarn, textiles, or carpet on a continuous production line. Unlike piece dyeing in batches, continuous dyeing involves moving the goods through the dye application, dye fixation, washing, and sometimes finishing stages without interruption.…
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Corduroy is a ridged fabric made from cut pile yarn that has been woven into wales—also referred to as cords—which are the vertical ribs that run the length of the fabric and give corduroy its unique texture. It is a durable fabric that is often used…
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Cross dyed is a method used to produce multicolor effects in yarns, textiles, or carpets made from more than one kind of fiber. The desired material can be dipped into a single dyebath and obtain varying color effects based on each fiber’s dye affinities. This method…
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Damask refers to a patterned fabric that is constructed by weaving the pattern into the cloth on a jacquard loom, with a single warp yarn and a single weft yarn. The pattern is satin-woven, while the background is sateen-woven in typically the same color. This combination…
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The Declare Label is a transparency initiative by the International Living Future Institute (ILFI) through which industrial manufacturers can opt to disclose their product ingredients. Declare Labels share a product’s key compositional and logistical information with specifiers and consumers, including its manufacturer, assembly location, life expectancy,…
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Declared refers to a declaration status indicating that a product has disclosed 100 percent of its ingredients present at or above 100ppm (0.01%), while also containing one or more Red List chemicals not listed as an existing exception. It is one of three declaration possibilities—along with…
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DEFEND is a proprietary textile finish developed by TSG Finishing that resists stain, water, oil, abrasion, pilling, and bacteria. DEFEND treated textiles are applicable for a wide range of categories such as apparel, healthcare, hospitality, industrial, marine, military, outdoor, residential, and transportation. DEFEND provides four different…
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Defiance is a proprietary textile finish developed by Glen Raven. With a C8-based fluorocarbon chemistry, Defiance is used to resist stains and inhibit the growth of bacteria. Defiance is usually applied on Sunbrella textiles and is applicable for healthcare environments.
Certification:
Facts Silver Certified
*The application…
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Digital print refers to a process of directly printing onto a substrate from a digital resource. The process deposits ink droplets of various colors in a continuous jet or pulse that combine to create the desired colors for a given design. With advancements in ink compositions…
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Ditsy is an overall fabric pattern consisting of micro- or small-scale motifs—particularly florals—that are typically scattered or randomly arranged as opposed to being organized into symmetrical designs. Origins of the treatment can be traced back to the 1920s and 1930s, when it was a popular approach…
A dye lot is a record attributed to all yarn or yardage in a specific dye bath. Yarns and pieces from the same dye lot are understood to have the same coloration and considered to be a match when used throughout a space. Even with consistent dye formulas between dye…
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Embroidered refers to a textile that has been embellished on its surface with fibers, yarns, beads, or other materials. This style can be created by both hand and machine. Hand embroidery is typically constructed through stitch or needle work in the form of a decorative pattern…
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An epingle is a woven pile textile with a very durable surface. Both loop and cut pile are seen in this fabric, and this is what gives the end product its texture. Epingles are traditionally woven on special looms that insert a horizontal rod into the…
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The FAR 25.253 is a standard
of the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) for determining the flammability of aircraft seat cushions that serves as
a source of guidance when complying with the Federal Aviation Regulations
(FAR).
The purpose is to
establish maximum burn rate for materials used…
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Traditional felt is a non-woven fabric that is produced by matting, condensing, and pressing loose fibers in order to form the structure of the fabric. With a loose construction that is subject to tearing, felt products that are used industrially are typically made by heating, shrinking,…
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The Association for Contract Textiles (ACT) is a non-profit trade association that sets up industrial standards related to contract fabrics. Their guidelines specify the tests that are necessary for a textile to be certified depending on its construction and intended use. The flammability test examines how…
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Flannel is a soft and warm woven fabric that has a napped, or fuzzy, finish on both sides. Typically made of cotton, it may be brushed or unbrushed, depending on its desired softness and end use. Flannel is often woven with patterns, such as plaid or…
Fluorescent refers to a pigment that converts wavelengths outside the visible spectrum—such as ultraviolet light—into visible light, resulting in brilliant hues, as well as glowing effects. When fluorescent pigments are no longer exposed to this stimulant, they will stop fluorescing immediately, unlike phosphorescence, which will continue to fluoresce after the…
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The FMVSS 302 test is a standard of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) for evaluating flammability of materials as conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, a faction of the U.S. Department of Transportation). Results obtained from this test are used by…
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Gingham is a checkered grid pattern that combines a bold color with white, which originated from a plain weave technique using lightweight to medium fabric made from yarn-dyed cotton or linen. First appearing in the early 20th century, gingham patterns continue to be used in fabrics…
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The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) is a certification program for organically produced textiles including clothing, home textiles, and personal care products. It is managed by a nonprofit organization that receives support from the United States government. Textiles certified by GOTS are manufactured in accordance with…
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The GREENGUARD Certification Program—previously known as the GREENGUARD Indoor Air Quality Certification—recognizes products and processes that meet standards for safe levels of chemical and particle emissions in indoor spaces. GREENGUARD is a third-party assessment program created by Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Environment to support manufacturers in producing…
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GREENGUARD is a third-party assessment program created by Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Environment to support manufacturers in producing safe products designed for indoor spaces, in accordance with strict VOC emissions standards. GREENGUARD Gold is even more rigorous, permitting no more than 1/100 of currently published ACGIH Threshold…
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GreenShield is a proprietary nanoparticle-based textile finish developed by BigSky Technologies. With the C6 fluorocarbon chemistry and amorphous silica nanoparticles, GreenShield is used to repel oil-based stains and water-based stains. There is also a fluorine free option, GreenShield ZERO, which is designed to resist water-based stains.…
Half drop refers to a pattern that shifts at half the length of the pattern or motif on a fabric or wallcovering. The pattern or motif repeats on the vertical line, and then drops exactly half of the vertical repeat along the horizontal line, giving the material a staggered appearance…
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A Health
Product Declaration (HPD) is a standardized report that is used to disclose the
contents of building materials, as well as their possible human health effects
and hazards. HPDs are overseen by the Health Product Declaration Collaborative
(HPDC), a non-profit organization with members from across…
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The Healthier Hospitals (HH) program provides guidelines and resources for United States healthcare organizations to create more sustainable business models and incentivizes change across the healthcare industry. Healthier Hospitals is a free, voluntary program created by Practice Greenhealth to encourage hospitals to improve their health and…
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Heathered refers to a fabric constructed by interweaving pre-dyed yarns of mixed colors—and sometimes different fibers—into a single yarn, which creates a muted and stippled shade, that is often gray. Ordinarily used for tee-shirts and other casual clothing, heathered fabric can also be found in bed…
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Herringbone is a pattern created by a weaving effect that features zigzags that alternate in direction across the width of the fabric to establish a recurring V-shape. Named for the skeletal structure of a herring—and sometimes referred to as a broken twill weave—the pattern dates back…
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The Association for Contract Textiles (ACT) is a non-profit trade association that sets up industrial standards related to contract fabrics. Their guidelines specify the tests that are necessary for a textile to be certified depending on its construction and intended use. The abrasion test examines the…
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Houndstooth is a two-toned textile design consisting of a ground of broken checks, with notched corners resembling the canine teeth for which it was named. Originally popularized during the 1930s in wool-tweed jackets and suits—primarily in combinations of black and white—the pattern has since broadened to…
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Ikat is an ancient Indonesian motif that emerged from resist-dyeing techniques, in which patterns are created by binding individual yarns with a tight wrapping. The yarns are then dyed and subsequently woven into fabric. Different from tie-dye and batik, in which the resist is applied to…
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The IMO A.471 certification is the International Maritime Organization’s criteria for the flame resistance of vertically supported textiles and films, including curtains, draperies, and other free-hanging fabric. Certification can also be done through IMO A.563.
The scope of testing involves subjecting a vertically oriented test specimen…
The IMO A.563 certification is the International Maritime Organization’s criteria for the flame resistance of vertically supported textiles and films, including curtains, draperies, and other free-hanging fabric that have qualities of fire resistance equal to or better than those of wool with a mass of 0.8kg/m2. This certification can also…
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The IMO A.652 certification is the International Maritime Organization’s
criteria for the flame resistance of upholstered composites for seating, and it
is suitable for testing products on ships sailing in International Waters. It
was created for the specific purpose of testing the ignitability of seating
materials,…
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The IMO A.653 certification is the International Maritime Organization’s
criteria for the surface flammability of bulkhead, ceiling, and deck finish
materials, and it is suitable for testing products on ships sailing in international
waters. It was created for the specific purpose of testing the ignitability of…
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Inkblot is an abstract pattern that emerged from applying ink or other types of pigment to paper, folding its painted side in half, and then opening it to reveal a mirror-image effect. Made famous by the Rorschach psychological test that was designed to analyze personality traits,…
The International Living Future Institute (ILFI), established in 2009 by members of the Cascadia Green Building Council, is a non-profit advocating for a socially just, culturally rich, and ecologically restorative society. As the umbrella organization tasked with managing the Living Building Challenge, the Living Product Challenge, the Living Community Challenge,…
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Kilim refers to a rug or tapestry that has been constructed by the process of tightly flatweaving variously colored warp and weft yarns on a loom to create a flat surface with no pile. Originating in the countries of the former Persian Empire, kilims are primarily…
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Knit refers to a textile constructed by continuously interlocking loops of a single yarn or multiple yarns. Two techniques are used to create knitted fabrics: warp and weft knitting. Warp knitting occurs when the yarns move in the vertical direction of the fabric to form loops,…
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Laced refers to an ornamental, delicate fabric made by interlacing thread in an open pattern. Lace can be either knit or woven, with knit lace having more stretch than woven lace. Traditionally, lace is made by hand using linen or silk threads, but machine-made lace is…
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Living Building Challenge (LBC) Red
List Approved
is a
status indicating that a product is in compliance with the requirements of the
LBC Challenge, but that compliance is dependent on one or more exceptions. It
is one of three declaration possibilities (Red List Free and Declared…
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Living Building Challenge (LBC) Red List Free is a status indicating that a product contains none of the harmful chemicals listed on the Red List. It is one of three declaration possibilities—Red List Approved and Declared are the other two—on the International Living Future Institute’s (ILFI)…
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Leather effect refers to faux treatments in materials such as fabrics, surfaces, and wallcoverings that simulate the sheen or texture of natural leather.
Photography Courtesy of Bernhardt Textiles…
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Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
(LEED) is a third-party certification system and global standard for green
buildings and communities. Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC),
LEED is the world’s most widely used green building rating system. It provides
the tools for building industry…
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The Association for Contract Textiles (ACT)
is a non-profit trade association that sets up industrial standards related to
contract fabrics. Their guidelines specify the tests that are necessary for a
textile to be certified depending on its construction and intended use. The abrasion
test examines the…
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Low-emitting or low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are reduced concentrations of chemical contaminants in manufactured goods that, at significant levels, can be harmful to human health and the environment. VOC emissions can be released from household products like paints, solvents, carpets, wood composites, and cleaning products,…
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Marbleized refers to a faux treatment—such as a finish or paint treatment—that mimics the veined or mottled surface of marble, which is often utilized when the use of the actual material would be impractical or cost-prohibitive.
Photography Courtesy of MDC Interior Solutions…
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Taken from the French word for “quilted,” matelassé is a fabric construction that utilizes a compound weave structure. While simple weaves are confined to one set of yarns, matelassé uses multiple warp and weft series—typically three or four sets. Woven on a jacquard loom, they produce…
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Mélange is a motif that emerged from weaving at least two different colors of yarn together to create a heathered effect.…
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Mindful MATERIALS (mM) is a free online aggregator of sustainability information for design professionals and manufacturers. It was created in 2014 by HKS, an international architecture firm, as a user-friendly platform that promotes product transparency and optimization information across the industry. The mM L3C is a…
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The mindful MATERIALS (mM) label is a physical sticker placed on product binders in resource libraries to communicate information about manufacturer transparency and optimization. Labels are designed to facilitate identification of products whose manufacturers disclose information about their impact on human health and the environment. Products…
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Moiré is a water- or wave-shaped motif that emerged from a fabric finishing process that was invented in the 17th century, in which two layers of silk are fed through steam rollers, as heat and pressure leave an undulating watermarked appearance due to the imperfect spacing…
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Netted refers to textiles that are constructed through a method of fusing, looping, or knotting yarns at their intersection to create a geometrically shaped mesh or open fabric. This method can also be used with cords, threads, and ropes.
Photography Courtesy of 4Spaces…
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The NFPA 260 test is a standard of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) that measures the burning properties, or fire resistance, of upholstered furniture that may be exposed to cigarette ignition. Furniture components that this test method applies to include cover fabrics, interior fabrics, welt…
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The NFPA 701 test is a standard of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) that measures the flame resistant properties of textiles and films when exposed to an open flame. Results obtained from this test are used by code officials in the acceptance of materials for…
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Non-phthalate vinyls are PVC products that do not contain phthalate plasticizers, which can be harmful to human and animal health. Phthalate has long been used to make PVC softer and more pliable, but in response to recent studies about its toxicity, American and European manufacturers of…
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Ombré refers to a chromatic effect of a color that gradually transitions from light to dark across a single ground. Translated from the French term for “shadow,” ombré is used to describe tonal variations of a single color, though some ombrés feature two or more complementary…
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Paisley is an ornamental pattern—originally based on the form of the cypress tree—that consists of a teardrop shape with a curved upper end. First employed in ancient Persia for decorative textiles and clothing, its Western name is attributed to the town of Paisley in Scotland, where…
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PBG+ is a proprietary vinyl protective coating and barrier developed by Spradling. While combining the performance of Permablok and Permaguard, PBG+ is used to resist stain, abrasion, scratches, scuffs, cracking, splitting, and loss of flexibility, while inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungus, mold, and mildew. PBG+…
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Permablok is a proprietary vinyl protective coating developed by Spradling that is used to resist stain, cracking, splitting, and loss of flexibility, while inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungus, mold, and mildew. Permablok is applicable for healthcare and hospitality industries, and can be cleaned with mild…
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Permaguard is a proprietary barrier coating developed by Spradling that is used to resist stain, scratches, scuffs, and abrasion, while inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungus, mold, and mildew. Permaguard can be cleaned with mild soap and alcohol and is applicable for marine industries. Spradling also…
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The Association for Contract Textiles (ACT) is a non-profit trade association that sets up industrial standards related to contract fabrics. Their guidelines specify the tests that are necessary for a textile to be certified depending on its construction and intended use. The ACT icon for physical…
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Piece dyed is a method used to dye carpet and textiles after they are constructed. The process involves adding color to greige goods in an aqueous dyebath and is generally used to produce single colored materials. Goods can be piece dyed in a discontinuous, such as…
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Plaid is a fabric pattern featuring horizontal and vertical lines that intersect at 90-degree angles to form variously sized squares or checks in alternating or multiple colors. Common varieties include tartan plaid, originating in the Scottish Highlands of the 1700s; glen plaid, a twill pattern of…
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A pleat is a permanent, regular crease, wave, or fold in a fabric that is made using steam heat, pleater tape, and pleater hooks. While there are numerous types of pleats that can be created, they all take a wide piece of fabric and make its…
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Plush refers to a type of textile that has a level, even-cut pile surface texture. This results in a soft, velvet-like look and feel. It can be made from both natural and synthetic fibers, including silk, polyester, and cotton. It is often desired for use in…
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Post-consumer recycled content is material waste generated after the consumer-use phase of an item’s life cycle that is used to manufacture new products. To claim post-consumer content, manufacturers must disclose the percentage of recycled materials used, according to the item’s total weight. Use of either kind…
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Post-industrial recycled content, also known as pre-consumer recycled content, is material waste generated during mass production that is later used to manufacture new products. Unlike post-consumer recycled content, post-industrial material has been recycled before entering into contact with consumers and being sent to a landfill. In…
